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Compare Tunisia (2002) - Trinidad and Tobago (2001)
Compare Tunisia (2002) z Trinidad and Tobago (2001)
| Tunisia (2002) | Trinidad and Tobago (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 23 governorates; Ariana (Aryanah), Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), El Kef (Al Kaf), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bou Zid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan) | 8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 27.8% (male 1,412,625; female 1,320,729)
15-64 years: 65.9% (male 3,234,770; female 3,233,149) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 303,093; female 311,278) (2002 est.) |
0-14 years:
24.1% (male 143,730; female 138,160) 15-64 years: 69.2% (male 415,898; female 393,551) 65 years and over: 6.7% (male 34,785; female 43,558) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | olives, olive oil, grain, dairy products, tomatoes, citrus fruit, beef, sugar beets, dates, almonds | cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry |
| Airports | 30 (2001) | 6 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 14
over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002) |
total:
3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 16
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 7 (2002) |
total:
3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 163,610 sq km
land: 155,360 sq km water: 8,250 sq km |
total:
5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly larger than Georgia | slightly smaller than Delaware |
| Background | Following independence from France in 1956, President Habib BOURGUIBA established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In recent years, Tunisia has taken a moderate, non-aligned stance in its foreign relations. Domestically, it has sought to diffuse rising pressure for a more open political society. | The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. |
| Birth rate | 16.83 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 13.73 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $5.7 billion
expenditures: $6.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.5 billion (2001 est.) |
revenues:
$1.54 billion expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (1998) |
| Capital | Tunis | Port-of-Spain |
| Climate | temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south | tropical; rainy season (June to December) |
| Coastline | 1,148 km | 362 km |
| Constitution | 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988 | 1 August 1976 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Tunisian Republic
conventional short form: Tunisia local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah local short form: Tunis |
conventional long form:
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago |
| Currency | Tunisian dinar (TND) | Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD) |
| Death rate | 5 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $11.5 billion (2001 est.) | $2.8 billion (2000 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Rust M. DEMING
embassy: Zone Nord-Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis, 2045 La Goulette, Tunisia mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [216] 71 782-566 FAX: [216] 71 789-719 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Edward E. SHUMAKER, III (until April, 2001) embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376, 6176 FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Hatem ATALLAH
chancery: 1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 862-1850 FAX: [1] (202) 862-1858 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $933.2 million (1995) | $121.4 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Governmental control of economic affairs while still heavy has gradually lessened over the past decade with increasing privatization, simplification of the tax structure, and a prudent approach to debt. Real growth averaged 5.4% in the past five years, and inflation is slowing. Growth in tourism and increased trade have been key elements in this steady growth, although tourism revenues have slowed since 11 September 2001 and may take a year or more to fully recover. Tunisia's association agreement with the European Union entered into force on 1 March 1998, the first such accord between the EU and a Mediterranean country. Under the agreement Tunisia will gradually remove barriers to trade with the EU over the next decade. Broader privatization, further liberalization of the investment code to increase foreign investment, and improvements in government efficiency are among the challenges for the future. | Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Successful economic reforms were implemented in 1995, and foreign investment and trade are flourishing. Persistently high unemployment remains one of the chief challenges of the government. The petrochemical sector has spurred growth in other related sectors, reinforcing the government's commitment to economic diversification. Tourism is growing, especially in the pleasure boat sector. New investment and construction also will continue to drive the economy. |
| Electricity - consumption | 9.562 billion kWh (2000) | 4.557 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 19 million kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 2 million kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 10.3 billion kWh (2000) | 4.9 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 99%
hydro: 1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
fossil fuel:
99.59% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0.41% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Shatt al Gharsah -17 m
highest point: Jebel ech Chambi 1,544 m |
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m |
| Environment - current issues | toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification | water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation |
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1% | black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2% |
| Exchange rates | Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.44 (January 2002), 1.3753 (2001), 1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997) | Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2688 (January 2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999), 6.2983 (1998), 6.2517 (1997), 6.0051 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)
head of government: Prime Minister Mohamed GHANNOUCHI (since 17 November 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI reelected for a third term without opposition; percent of vote - Zine El Abidine BEN ALI nearly 100% |
chief of state:
President Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON (since 19 March 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Basdeo PANDAY (since 9 November 1995) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005); prime minister appointed from among the members of Parliament; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives is usually appointed prime minister election results: Arthur Napoleon Raymond ROBINSON elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 69% |
| Exports | $6.6 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) | $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Exports - commodities | textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals, agricultural products, hydrocarbons | petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers |
| Exports - partners | France 28%, Italy 21%, Germany 14%, Belgium 6%, Libya (2000) | US 39.3%, Caricom countries 26.1%, Latin America 9.5%, EU 5.7% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 October - 30 September |
| Flag description | red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam | red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $64.5 billion (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $11.2 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 13%
industry: 33% services: 54% (2000 est.) |
agriculture:
2% industry: 44% services: 54% (1998 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $6,600 (2001 est.) | purchasing power parity - $9,500 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4.8% (2001 est.) | 5% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 34 00 N, 9 00 E | 11 00 N, 61 00 W |
| Geography - note | strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration | - |
| Highways | total: 23,100 km
paved: 18,226 km unpaved: 4,874 km (1996) |
total:
8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 32% (1995) (1995) |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis |
| Imports | $8.9 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) | $3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, hydrocarbons, chemicals, food | machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals |
| Imports - partners | France 30%, Italy 21%, Germany 11%, Spain 4%, Belgium (2000) | US 39.8%, Venezuela 11.9%, EU 11%, Caricom 4.8% (1999) |
| Independence | 20 March 1956 (from France) | 31 August 1962 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 5.2% (2001 est.) | 3.8% (2000) |
| Industries | petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages | petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles |
| Infant mortality rate | 27.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) | 24.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.7% (2001 est.) | 3.2% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC (observer), CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 17 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 3,800 sq km (1998 est.) | 220 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation | Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; The Majistracy (hears minor civil cases and summary criminal cases) |
| Labor force | 2.69 million
note: shortage of skilled labor |
558,700 (1998) |
| Labor force - by occupation | services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.) | construction and utilities 12.4%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 9.5%, services 64.1% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total: 1,424 km
border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 18.67%
permanent crops: 12.87% other: 68.46% (1998 est.) |
arable land:
15% permanent crops: 9% permanent pastures: 2% forests and woodland: 46% other: 28% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce) | English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese |
| Legal system | based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session | based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (182 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - RCD 92%; seats by party - RCD 148, MDS 13, UDU 7, PUP 7, Al-Tajdid 5, PSL 2; note - reforms enabled opposition parties to win up to 20% of seats, increasing the number of seats they hold from 19 in the last election to 34 now |
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 11 December 2000 (next to be held by December 2005) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - UNC 58.1%, PNM 40.8%, NAR 1.1%; seats by party - UNC 19, PNM 16, NAR 1 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 74.16 years
male: 72.56 years female: 75.89 years (2002 est.) |
total population:
68.27 years male: 65.74 years female: 70.92 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 66.7% male: 78.6% female: 54.6% (1995 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97.9% male: 98.8% female: 97% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya | Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela |
| Map references | Africa | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 24 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
contiguous zone:
24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 150,710 GRT/162,616 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, chemical tanker 4, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2002 est.) |
total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,439 GRT/4,040 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard | Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $356 million (FY99) | $83 million (FY94) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.5% (FY99) | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 2,806,881 (2002 est.) | males age 15-49:
346,043 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 1,597,565 (2002 est.) | males age 15-49:
247,297 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | 20 years of age (2002 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males: 105,146 (2002 est.) | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 20 March (1956) | Independence Day, 31 August (1962) |
| Nationality | noun: Tunisian(s)
adjective: Tunisian |
noun:
Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian |
| Natural hazards | NA | outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms |
| Natural resources | petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt | petroleum, natural gas, asphalt |
| Net migration rate | -0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) | -9.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km | crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km |
| Political parties and leaders | Al-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialists or MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed Belhaj AMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI] | National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochay CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | the Islamic fundamentalist party, Al Nahda (Renaissance), is outlawed | Jamaat Al Musilmeen [Abu BAKR] |
| Population | 9,815,644 (July 2002 est.) | 1,169,682 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 6% (2000 est.) | 21% (1992 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.12% (2002 est.) | -0.51% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis | Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 7, FM 20, shortwave 2 (1998) | AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 2.06 million (1997) | 680,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total: 2,168 km
standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,687 km 1.000-m gauge dual gauge: 10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges (three rails) (2001) |
minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; railway service was discontinued in 1968 |
| Religions | Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1% | Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7% |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 20 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available
domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay international: 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches |
general assessment:
excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 654,000 (1997) | 243,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 50,000 (1998) | 17,411 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995) | 4 (1997) |
| Terrain | mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara | mostly plains with some hills and low mountains |
| Total fertility rate | 1.94 children born/woman (2002 est.) | 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 15.6% (2000 est.) | 12.8% (2000) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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